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  1. Patent foramen ovale: anatomical complexity and long-tunnel …

    Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in about one-quarter of the population and should be considered an anatomical variant rather than a malformation. The association of PFO with cryptogenic stroke, migraine, peripheral embolism and other pathologies is still controversial.

  2. Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) - American Heart …

    Sep 26, 2023 · PFO is a hole in the wall between the heart’s left and right upper chambers that is normal before birth but may remain open in some people. Learn about the causes, symptoms, risks and treatments of PFO and how it can …

  3. Patent foramen ovale - UpToDate

    Aug 24, 2022 · Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a congenital cardiac lesion that frequently persists into adulthood [1-3]. Although most patients with a PFO are asymptomatic, a variety of clinical …

  4. Patent Foramen Ovale: Current Pathology, …

    Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is experiencing increased clinical interest as a congenital cardiac lesion persisting into adulthood. It is implicated in several serious clinical syndromes, including stroke, myocardial infarction, and …

  5. Patent Foramen Ovale Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology

    Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common finding in the general population but may lead to serious conditions such as stroke from paradoxical embolism and platypnea orthodeoxia. A …

  6. Patent Foramen Ovale: The Known and the To Be …

    The patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a normal interatrial communication during fetal life that persists after birth in approximately 1 of every 4 adults. PFO is a potential route for embolic transit from the systemic venous circulation to the brain.

  7. Patent foramen ovale - Symptoms & causes - Mayo Clinic

    Oct 25, 2022 · A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a hole in the heart that didn't close the way it should after birth. The hole is a small flaplike opening between the upper heart chambers. The upper chambers of the heart are called the atria.

  8. Patent foramen ovale | Radiology Reference Article

    Apr 3, 2025 · Patent foramen ovale is an anatomical variant due to persistence of a normal fetal structure rather than a malformation, in contradistinction to atrial septal defects 21.

  9. Patent foramen ovale: anatomy, outcomes, and closure …

    Feb 1, 2011 · Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a normal fetal communication between the right and left atria that persists after birth. PFO is a common finding that occurs in 20–34% of the population,...

  10. How to Understand Patent Foramen Ovale Clinical …

    In the first part of this review, we discuss the embryologic and anatomic features of PFO, the diagnostic techniques for its identification and evaluation, and the relationship between PFO and neurological syndromes.

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